Related Glossary
What is FCL (Full Container Load)?
FCL stands for Full Container Load. It refers to a type of ocean freight shipment where a single shipper uses an entire container to move goods, even if the container is not fully filled. In simple terms, when you book FCL, the whole container is reserved for your cargo only, giving you exclusive use of it.
Key points
Exclusive Use: One shipper, one consignee – the container is not shared with other shipments..
Container Sizes: Standard size includes 20-foot and 40-foot containers, with variations like High Cube for taller cargo.
Cost Basis: Charged per container (not per cubic meter like LCL), making it economical for larger shipments.
Speed & Security: Since there’s no cargo consolidation or deconsolidation, transit is usually faster and safer.
Best For: Businesses shipping large volumes, heavy items, or goods requiring better protection.
Example scenario
A furniture manufacturer in India is exporting 250 sofas to a retailer in the USA. The cargo volume is enough to nearly fill a 40-foot container. Instead of sharing space with other shippers, the manufacturer books one full container (FCL).
The container is sealed at the factory.
It moves directly to the port, is loaded on the vessel, and is shipped to the USA.
At the destination, the consignee receives the container intact.
This way, the goods are not mixed with others, reducing handling risks and ensuring safer delivery.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Does FCL mean the container must be fully filled?
No. FCL means you book the entire container, whether it’s 50% or 100% filled. You are paying for exclusivity, not shared space.
2. Is FCL always cheaper than LCL?
Not always. FCL is cost-effective if you have enough volume (usually around 15 cubic meters or more). For smaller shipments, LCL may be cheaper.
3. Can different products be loaded in one FCL container?
Yes, as long as they belong to the same shipper and consignee. For example, a company can load machinery, spare parts, and accessories together.
4. How is FCL different from LCL?
FCL = One shipper, one container.
LCL = Multiple shippers share space in the same container.
5. Who seals the FCL container?
Typically, the shipper (or their logistics provider) seals the container at the loading point. The seal number is mentioned in the shipping documents for security.
Additional Insights
Related Term: LCL (Less than Container Load) – when multiple shippers share space in a container.
Tip: Always calculate both FCL and LCL costs when planning shipments; sometimes a half-full FCL can be safer and faster than LCL.
Expert Note: For sensitive goods (electronics, perishables, or high-value cargo), FCL is strongly preferred because it reduces handling, pilferage, and delays.